Competencies of Leadership-From Army Leadership FM 6-22

7-1. Army leaders apply character, presence, intellect, and abilities to the core leader competencies while guiding others toward a common goal and mission accomplishment. Direct leaders influence others person-to-person, such as a team leader who instructs, recognizes achievement, and encourages hard work.

Organizational and strategic leaders influence those in their sphere of influence, including immediate
subordinates and staffs, but often guide their organizations using indirect means of influence. At the direct level, a platoon leader knows what a battalion commander wants done, not because the lieutenant was briefed personally, but because the lieutenant understands the commander’s intent two levels up. The intent creates a critical link between the organizational and direct leadership levels. At all levels, leaders take advantage of formal and informal processes (see Chapter 3) to extend influence beyond the traditional chain of command.

7-2. The leading category of the core leader competencies includes four competencies. Two competencies focus on who is being led and with what degree of authority and influence: leads others and extends influence beyond the chain of command. The other leading competencies address two ways by which leaders to convey influence: leads by example and communicates.

Leads others involves influencing Soldiers or Army civilians in the leader’s unit or organization. This competency has a number of components including setting clear direction,
enforcing standards, and balancing the care of followers against mission requirements so they are a productive resource. Leading within an established chain of command with rules, procedures, and norms differs from leading outside an established organization or across commands.

Extends influence beyond the chain of command requires the ability to operate in an environment, encompassing higher and lower command structures, and using one’s influence outside the traditional chain of command. This includes connecting with joint, allied, and multinational partners, as well as local nationals, and civilian-led governmental or nongovernmental agencies. In this area, leaders often must operate without designated authority
or while their authority is not recognized by others.

Leads by example is essential to leading effectively over the course of time. Whether they intend to or not, leaders provide an example that others consider and use in what they do. This competency reminds every leader to serve as a role model. What leaders do should be grounded in the Army Values and imbued with the Warrior Ethos.

Communicates ensures that leaders attain a clear understanding of what needs to be done and why within their organization. This competency deals with maintaining clear focus on the team’s efforts to achieve goals and tasks for mission accomplishment. It helps build consensus and is a critical tool for successful operations in diverse multinational settings. Successful leaders refine their communicating abilities by developing advanced oral, written, and listening
skills. Commanders use clear and concise mission orders and other standard forms of communication to convey their decisions to subordinates.