TEAM STRUCTURES
3-54. There are two leader team categories: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal leader teams can also be
either formal (headquarters staffs, major commands) or informal (task forces, advisory boards). Vertical
leader teams can be both formal (commanders and subordinates) and informal (members of a career field or
functional area). Vertical leader teams often share a common background and function, such as intelligence
analysis or logistical support. Vertical and horizontal teams provide structure to organize team training.
3-55. Informal networks often arise both inside and outside formal organizations. Examples of informal
networks include people who share experiences with former coworkers or senior NCOs on an installation
who collaborate to solve a problem. Although leaders occupy positions of legitimate authority, teams are
formed to share information and lessons gained from experience. When groups like this form, they often
take on the same characteristics as formally designed organizations. As such, they develop norms unique to
their network membership and seek legitimacy through their actions.
3-56. Within the informal network, norms develop for acceptable and unacceptable influence. Studies have
shown that groups who do not develop norms of behavior lose their ties and group status.
3-57. The shared leadership process occurs when multiple leaders contribute combined knowledge and
individual authority to lead an organization toward a common goal or mission. Shared leadership involves
sharing authority and responsibility for decision making, planning, and executing.
3-58. Shared leadership is occurring more frequently at both organizational and strategic levels where
leaders of different ranks and positions come together to address specific challenges or missions where preestablished organizational lines of authority may not exist. One such example occurred before Operation
Iraqi Freedom when members of multiple components and Services had to work together to support the
logistics challenges that lay ahead.
This is great preparation for Basic Training. Right out of the Drill and Ceremonies Manual.
Execute Stack Arms using the following procedures:
a. Stack Arms is executed from Order Arms only. It may be executed while at Normal Interval in a line (squad) or a column formation. Stack Arms is not a precise movement; however, it is executed in a military manner.
b. The leader designates the stackmen by numbers (2-5-8) when in a line formation, orby squad (second or third) when in a column formation. After the stackmen have been designated, the leader then commands Prepare, SLINGS.
c. On the command SLINGS, each stackman places the butt of his rifle on his right hip and cradles it in the crook of his right arm. He then adjusts the sling keeper to form a 2-inch loop next to the upper sling swivel. As soon as he has prepared the loop, he returns to Order Arms.
d. When all stackmen have returned to Order Arms, the leader commands Stack, ARMS. On the command ARMS, each stackman places his rifle directly in front of and centered on his body with the sling facing to the front. The heel of the rifle butt is on the marching surface on line with the toes of his shoes. He grasps the rifle by the handguard with his left hand. The first two fingers of the left hand hold the inner part of the loop against the rifle. He reaches across the front of the rifle with the right hand, grasps the outer part of the loop, and holds it open for the insertion of the other rifles. He holds the rifle vertical at all
times (1, Figure C-5, page C-6).
e. On the command ARMS, the men to the left and right of the stackman perform the following movements simultaneously:
(1) The man on the stackman’s left raises and centers his rifle in front of his body so that his right hand is shoulder high and the rifle is about 4 inches from his chest, with the sling to the front. He then grasps the rifle with his left hand at the small of the stock and lowers both arms, holding the weapon in a horizontal position (1, Figure C-5, page C-6).
(2) The man on the stackman’s right raises and centers his rifle, wrist shoulder high, with the sling facing the front. He then grasps the rifle with his left hand directly below his
right hand, and, in the most convenient manner, grasps the rifle with the right hand at the small of the stock. He then lowers both arms, holding the rifle stock. He then lowers both arms, holding the rifle in a horizontal position (1, Figure C-5, page C-6).
(3) As soon as both men have completed these movements, each moves the foot nearest the stackman 18 inches (Half Left or Right) toward the stackman. In a continuing motion, the man on the stackman’s left inserts the muzzle of his rifle into the loop held by the stackman until the bayonet stud protrudes past the far end of the loop (2, Figure C-5, page
C-6). He holds his rifle in that position until the man on the stackman’s right inserts the muzzle of his rifle through the loop in the same manner and above the muzzle of the rifle of
the left man.
f. When both rifles have been inserted into the loop, the men on each side of the stackman swing the butts of their rifles out and down to the marching surface until the stack is tight with the (two) rifle butts on line and about 2 feet from the baseline.
g. After necessary adjustments have been made, the three men come to Attention (3, Figure C-5).
h. Extra rifles are passed to the nearest stack on the right. As each rifle is passed, it is grasped at the upper part of the handguard with the right hand. Then, with the rifle held
vertical, it is passed with fully extended arm to the right front. The man on the right grasps the rifle at the balance with his left hand, brings the rifle to the center of his body, and regrasps it at the upper part of the handguard with his right hand. This action continues until the stackman receives the rifle and places it on the stack with his right hand as nearly vertical as possible. He places the rifles on the stack with the slings away from the stack (if the second squad is the stack squad, extra rifles are passed to the left).
